Which of the following is a side effect of 1:1000 epinephrine?

• A. Increased BP; Increased HR; Bronchodilation
• B. Decreased BP; Decreased HR; Bronchoconstriction
• C. Nausea; Vomiting; Diarrhea
• D. No side effects

Answer: (A)

Epinephrine at 1:1000 is a sympathetic agonist that produces multiple systemic effects through alpha and beta receptors. Activation of alpha-1 receptors leads to vasoconstriction, which raises blood pressure. Activation of beta-1 receptors increases heart rate and contractility, contributing to a higher blood pressure and more rapid pulse. Activation of beta-2 receptors causes bronchodilation, relaxing the airway smooth muscle to improve airflow. These actions are the hallmark effects you expect with this medication in acute settings. Therefore, an elevation in blood pressure, an increased heart rate, and bronchodilation fit the typical pharmacologic response to 1:1000 epinephrine. The other options either describe opposite hemodynamics, less characteristic GI side effects, or no side effects, which do not align with the drug’s primary actions.